人诺如病毒体外培养体系研究进展

目的 系统全面的阐述人诺如病毒(human noroviruses, HuNoVs)体外培养研究的历史、发展及现有体系各自的优缺点和发展方向。方法 以“human noroviruses”、“in vitro"、“culture”、“cofactor”作为PubMed和Web of science数据库的检索词，提取实验性体外培养研究论文中的结果和数据，共参考文献33篇。结果 人诺如病毒可在具有B细胞特征的淋巴瘤细胞系和单层人肠上皮细胞系中实现有限的增殖。结论 需进一步改进现有培养体系，突破因不能体外培养导致的诺如病毒基础研究瓶颈。同时，探索诺如病毒复制所需的辅助因子，并研究两者的共作用机制或许是诺如病毒体外培养新的发展方向。     

RUNX2/LAPTM5在小鼠颅骨前成骨细胞矿化诱导中的表达

目的 探讨RUNX2/LAPTM5在矿化诱导过程中的表达与成骨及溶酶体的相关性。方法 矿化诱导MC3T3-E1,对照组不做处理,茜素红染色检测矿化情况,碱性磷酸酶染色检测成骨分化情况。RT-qPCR及Western blot检测分化0-5 d RUNX2及LAPTM5的基因及蛋白表达。过表达与干扰RUNX2/LAPTM5的表达后,Western blot检测RUNX2、LAPTM5的表达。过表达与干扰LAPTM5的表达后,Western blot检测成骨相关基因碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素 的表达。结果 倒置显微镜下观察,茜素红染色矿化结节计数随时间变化逐渐增多,矿化结节的大小也逐渐变大;碱性磷酸酶染色蓝紫色颗粒计数随时间逐渐增加。RT-qPCR及Western blot结果显示RUNX2及LAPTM5的表达,其在成骨矿化过程中呈上升趋势（P<0.001）。过表达与干扰RUNX2影响LAPTM5表达（P<0.05）;过表达与干扰LAPTM5对RUNX2的影响不显著。过表达与干扰LAPTM5影响了成骨的表达（P< 0.01）。结论 RUNX2/LAPTM5可能参与了成骨细胞分化调节,RUNX2可能参与LAPTM5的表达调控。RUNX2/LAPTM5可能在溶酶体参与成骨矿化的过程中起到桥梁作用。     

高脂血症对血液流变学血浆粘度影响的探讨

目的探讨高脂血症的四种类型对血液流变学血浆粘度的影响。方法测定各型的高脂血症患者和正常对照者的血浆粘度和血脂指标(各50例),并对结果进行统计学分析。结果各型高脂血症患者之间以及与正常对照组的血浆粘度的两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论各类型高脂血症患者的血浆粘度有不同程度的改变,其中以混合型的影响尤为明显,其次为高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症。     

Innovative strategies for photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumor

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is applied as a robust therapeutic option for tumor, which exhibits some advantages of unique selectivity and irreversible damage to tumor cells. Among which, photosensitizer (PS), appropriate laser irradiation and oxygen (O₂) are three essential components for PDT, but the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) restricts the O₂ supply in tumor tissues. Even worse, tumor metastasis and drug resistance frequently happen under hypoxic condition, which further deteriorate the antitumor effect of PDT. To enhance the PDT efficiency, critical attention has been received by relieving tumor hypoxia, and innovative strategies on this topic continue to emerge. Traditionally, the O₂ supplement strategy is considered as a direct and effective strategy to relieve TME, whereas it is confronted with great challenges for continuous O₂ supply. Recently, O₂-independent PDT provides a brand new strategy to enhance the antitumor efficiency, which can avoid the influence of TME. In addition, PDT can synergize with other antitumor strategies, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT) and starvation therapy, to remedy the inadequate PDT effect under hypoxia conditions. In this paper, we summarized the latest progresses in the development of innovative strategies to improve PDT efficacy against hypoxic tumor, which were classified into O₂-dependent PDT, O₂-independent PDT and synergistic therapy. Furthermore, the advantages and deficiencies of various strategies were also discussed to envisage the prospects and challenges in future study.     

Clinical features of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy and deletions of the rod domain of dystrophin geneCSCD

Objective: To explore the clinical features of patients carrying deletions of the rod domain of the dystrophin gene. Methods: Clinical data of 12 Chinese patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and such deletions was reviewed. Results: Most patients complained of muscle weakness of lower limbs. Two patients had muscle cramps, one had increased creatine kinase (CK) level, and one had dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: Compared with DMD, the clinical features of BMD are much more variable, particularly for those carrying deletions of the rod domain of the dystrophin gene. Muscular weakness may not be the sole complaint of BMD. The diagnosis of BMD cannot be excluded by moderately elevated CK. For male patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, the possibility of BMD should be considered. © 2018 West China University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.     

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine: a review focused on their application in the Chinese population

The field of pharmacogenomics was initiated in the 1950s and began to thrive after the completion of the human genome project 10 years ago. Thus far, more than 100 drug labels and clinical guidelines referring to pharmacogenomic biomarkers have been published, and several key pharmacogenomic markers for either drug safety or efficacy have been identified and subsequently adopted in clinical practice as pre-treatment genetic tests. However, a tremendous variation of genetic backgrounds exists between different ethnic groups. The application of pharmacogenomics in the Chinese population is still a long way off, since the published guidelines issued by the organizations such as US Food and Drug Administration require further confirmation in the Chinese population. This review highlights important pharmacogenomic discoveries in the Chinese population and compares the Chinese population with other nations regarding the pharmacogenomics of five most commonly used drugs, ie, tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, warfarin, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine.     

目标肌肉神经分布重建大鼠模型及低频电刺激的效果研究

目的:利用大鼠模型开展目标肌肉神经分布重建(TMR)研究,使用低频电刺激,观察电刺激对神经移植后的再生和减轻骨骼肌失神经萎缩程度的效果。方法:所有大鼠随机分为正常对照组、失神经支配组、TMR模型组及电刺激组。制作TMR大鼠模型,将大鼠右侧正中神经移植到胸大肌上,术后2天开始进行低频电刺激。利用植入的肌内电极采集大鼠双侧胸大肌的肌电信号;采用骨骼肌收缩的力学分析方法检测胸大肌的最大单收缩力及最大强直收缩力;应用肌湿重维持率检测胸大肌失神经萎缩情况。结果:1第4周与第1周相比,TMR模型组右侧胸大肌的肌电信号轻微增加;电刺激组右侧胸大肌的肌电信号明显增强;失神经支配组几乎观察不到右侧胸大肌的肌电信号;正常对照组的肌电信号基本不变。2正常对照组的最大单收缩力及最大强直收缩力均明显大于TMR模型组和电刺激组(P0.01),电刺激组则明显大于TMR模型组(P0.05)。3TMR模型组和电刺激组的胸大肌湿重维持率均明显高于失神经支配组(P0.01),电刺激组则明显高于TMR模型组(P0.05)。结论:使用低频电刺激TMR大鼠模型,对促进神经移植后的再生和减轻骨骼肌失神经萎缩有积极作用。     

EGCG Blocked Phenylephrin-Induced Hypertrophy in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes,by Activating AMPK-Dependent Pathway

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Previous studies have shown that activation of AMPK results in suppression of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of the p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2) signaling pathways. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea, possesses multiple protective effects on the cardiovascular system including cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that EGCG could significantly reduce natriuretic peptides type A (Nppa), brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP) mRNA expression and decrease cell surface area in H9C2 cardiomyocytes stimulated with phenylephrine (PE). Moreover, we showed that AMPK is activated in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by EGCG, and AMPK-dependent pathway participates in the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that the effect of EGCG against cardiac hypertrophy may be attributed to its activation on AMPK-dependent signaling pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of EGCG on the prevention of cardiac remodeling in patients with pressure overload hypertrophy.     

基于TQM理念的地方高等医学院校教学质量监控体系的构建与实践

源于美国企业界的TQM,是提高质量管理的理论和方法,该理论已被世界各国的许多行业所接受,也同样适用于我国高等教育行业的质量管理。近年来,作为地方高等医学院校的广州医学院,构建和实践了基于TQM理念的教学质量监控体系,并取得了积极的成效。     

广州市某区医院呼吸系统疾病门诊人数与大气污染关系的时间序列研究

目的分析大气污染急性暴露对医院每日门诊人数的影响。方法采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型,在控制门诊人数的长期趋势、气象因素、星期几效应等混杂因素的基础上,分析广州市某区2009年1月1日—2011年12月31日大气污染与医院每日门诊人数的关系。结果大气污染物PM10-2.5、PM2.5、NO2和SO2日平均浓度每增加10μg/m3,医院呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的相对危险度分别为1.002 5(95%CI:0.998 9~1.018 2),1.003 5(95%CI:1.001 2~1.016 4),1.002 4(95%CI:1.001 6~1.005 6)和1.002 8(95%CI:0.977 8~1.007 8)。结论广州市某区PM2.5和NO2日均浓度的短期升高可能会导致医院每日门诊人数的增加。